The argument that moral absolutes, logical absolutes, universality, all presuppose the existence of God. In no way am I referring to the Judeochristian God, or any kind of anthropomorphised God (though that creation just might be the natural human response to this transcendental force), so get that out of your head now. (please don't look at the wikipedia page for this either, because the argument is presented SO SHITTILY no one will ever be convinced. It used to be so much better, I think some angry atheist deleted everything and put up a strawman argument.)
I don't think I have to argue especially hard for the existence of logical absolutes, that shit proves itself.
For the existence of moral absolutes, I will be appealing to Kantian moral philosophy, of which this argument was pretty much formulated on. For Kant, morality is weighted on the authority of autonomy of the moral agent. Complete autonomy is arrived at from free will, and for a moral agent to possess free will, she must normatively act free from extrinsic influences and manipulations. In this sense, we must see our moral actions as ends in themselves, rather than means to ends, for see things as merely means is to displace the instrinsic value of the means. That's when the categorical imperative comes in: because moral actions are weighted in instrinsic value, they can be effectively willed as universal law, for the universal law governs yet does not impede on the individual will. This is moral absolution, the alignment of moral agency and universal practical law.
For the transcendental argument for the existence of God. This is a very a priori outlook on God, free from the empirical designations of religion, yet this argument is what ALL religions appeal to and are derived from. For to equate God to some kind of perfect standard or divine universality is to shape God with the unconditional and unwavering form of logic. Reason derived from logic, reason underpins both God and morality.
Then God is the conceptual regulator, the form to the substance of the universe. It is the logical structure, the absence of which leads to total chaos.
Why do we need the label "god" then? Because it is a perfect label. Language is nothing but humanity's pathetic attempt to parallel a mysterious reality with something more palpable to our senses, like symbols or sound. Every common denominator of every religion basis their idea of God off of this standard that transcends the fallibility of normal human intelligence or comprehension. God is a perfect label.
Yet humans loathe abstractions. They need to anthropomorphise God to familiarise themselves with "him". Again, they appeal to a standard, what is the "default" human. Old white male. The bible is an anthology of fables intended to convey certain concepts in a fantastical way - that was the nature of storytelling then. To illustrate that jesus was kind, they made him heal the crippled. Whether that happened or not is irrelevant in their form of storytelling, but the message is clear: Jesus is benevolent. GOD IS CONVEYED IN THE SAME FANTASTICAL WAY. To place his residence in the clouds/heavens is to denote his transcendental nature. It is all metaphor yet the message is delivered, no matter the form of transportation.
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